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Moscow Mathematical Papyrus
The Moscow Mathematical Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian mathematical papyrus, also called the Golenishchev Mathematical Papyrus, after its first owner outside of Egypt, Egyptologist Vladimir Golenishchev. Golenishchev bought the papyrus in 1892 or 1893 in Thebes. It later entered the collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow, where it remains today.
Based on the palaeography and orthography of the hieratic text, the text was most likely written down in the 13th dynasty and based on older material probably dating to the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt, roughly 1850 BC.〔Clagett, Marshall. 1999. Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book. Volume 3: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 232. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0-87169-232-5〕 Approximately 5½ m (18 ft) long and varying between wide, its format was divided into 25 problems with solutions by the Soviet Orientalist Vasily Vasilievich Struve〔(Struve V.V., (1889–1965), orientalist :: ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF SAINT PETERSBURG )〕 in 1930.〔Struve, Vasilij Vasil'evič, and Boris Turaev. 1930. ''Mathematischer Papyrus des Staatlichen Museums der Schönen Künste in Moskau''. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik; Abteilung A: Quellen 1. Berlin: J. Springer〕 It is a well-known mathematical papyrus along with the ''Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.'' The ''Moscow Mathematical Papyrus'' is older than the ''Rhind Mathematical Papyrus,'' while the latter is the larger of the two.〔''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'', 3rd edition, entry on "Папирусы математические", available online (here )〕
==Exercises contained in the Moscow Papyrus==
The problems in the Moscow Papyrus follow no particular order, and the solutions of the problems provide much less detail than those in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus. The papyrus is well known for some of its geometry problems. Problems 10 and 14 compute a surface area and the volume of a frustum respectively. The remaining problems are more common in nature.〔
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